The Hub Power Co., Ltd.

Pakistan Country flag Pakistan
Sector: Conventional Electricity
Ticker: HUBC
ISIN: PK0065001015
Factsheet Factsheet

Levered/Unlevered Beta of The Hub Power Co., Ltd. ( HUBC | PAK)

Beta is a statistical measure that compares the volatility of a stock against the volatility of the broader market, which is typically measured by a reference market index. Since the market is the benchmark, the market's beta is always 1. When a stock has a beta greater than 1, it means the stock is expected to increase by more than the market in up markets and decrease more than the market in down markets. Conversely, a stock with a beta lower than 1 is expected to rise less than the market when the market is moving up , but fall less than the market when the market is moving down. Despite being rare, a stock may have a negative beta, which means the stock moves opposite the general market trend.
The Hub Power Co., Ltd. shows a Beta of N/A.
This is significantly lower than 1. The volatility of The Hub Power Co., Ltd. according to this measure is significantly lower than the market volatility.

Beta (Ref: N/A)
Levered betaUnlevered beta
1-YearN/AN/A
2-YearN/AN/A
3-YearN/AN/A
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Valuation
EV/EBITDA LastEV/EBITDA(e) 2024EV/EBITDA NTM
The Hub Power Co., Ltd.Free trialFree trialFree trial
International PeersFree trialFree trialFree trial
Conventional Electricity8.659.648.86
N/AN/AN/AN/A
Pakistan4.364.313.81
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Stock Perf excl. Dividends (in PKR)
HUBCN/ARel. Perf.
Year-to-Date5.0%N/AN/A
1-Week4.3%N/AN/A
1-Month14.8%N/AN/A
1-Year7.4%N/AN/A
3-Year77.2%N/AN/A
5-Year42.6%N/AN/A
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International Peers - The Hub Power Co., Ltd.
Company NameCtryMarket
Cap.
last (mUSD)
The Hub Power Co., Ltd.PAK587
International Peers Median0.36
Elmera Group ASANOR375
Redes Energeticas Nacio...PRT1 568
A2A S.p.A.ITA6 935
Kyushu Electric Power C...JPN4 134
Electric Power Developm...JPN2 944
GPRV Analysis
The Hub Power Co., L...
Intl. Peers
U.S Patents No. 7,882,001 & 8,082,201
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1-Year Rebased Stock Chart

  • The Hub Power Co., Ltd.
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Beta calculation details
The calculation divides the covariance of the stock return with the market return by the variance of the market return
thus: beta = cov(ri.rm) / var(rm) where
stock return ri = (stock price at time w / stock price at time (w-1))-1
market return rm = (index at time w / index at time (w-1))-1
E(ri) = arithmetic mean of stock returns
E(rm) = arithmetic mean of market returns
covariance cov (ri,rm) = sum [ri-E(ri))*(rm-E(rm))]/count(ri-E(ri))*count(rm-E(rm))
variance var(rm) = sum[(rm-E(rm))^2]/count(rm-E(rm))^2

About Beta

Standard beta is co-called levered, which means that it reflects the capital structure of the company (including the financial risk linked to the debt level). Unlevered beta (or ungeared beta) compares the risk of an unlevered company (i.e. with no debt in the capital structure) to the risk of the market. Unlevered beta is useful when comparing companies with different capital structures as it focuses on the equity risk. Unlevered beta is generally lower than the levered beta. However, unlevered beta could be higher than levered beta when the net debt is negative (meaning that the company has more cash than debt).
Many different betas can be calculated for a given stock. The main common variables that affect beta calculations are the time period, the reference date, the sampling frequency for closing prices and the reference index.
The calculation divides the covariance of the stock return with the market return by the variance of the market return. Beta is used very often for company valuation using the Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) method. The discount rate is calculated using the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). The WACC is essentially a blend of the cost of equity and the after-tax cost of debt. The cost of equity is usually calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which defines the cost of equity as follows: re = rf + β × (rm - rf)
Where:
rf = Risk-free rate
β = Beta (levered)
(rm - rf) = Market risk premium.