EBITDA / Net sales (in %)
| Operating Margin | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
| Automobile | -1,0% | 1.4% | 2.6% | 1.8% | 2.8% | 2.2% |
| Food & Drug | 5.8% | 6,0% | 6.7% | 6.5% | 6.8% | 6.8% |
| Beverage | 9.6% | 8.6% | 9.1% | 9.2% | 9.7% | 10.5% |
| Chemical | 5.5% | 5.1% | 5.2% | 5.9% | 5.8% | 6.4% |
| Retail | 2.9% | 3,0% | 3,0% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 3.3% |
| Construction & Building Materials | 6.6% | 6.6% | 6.9% | 6.9% | 7.3% | 7.4% |
| Electronic & Electrical Materials | 3.6% | 3.6% | 4.3% | 4.8% | 5.1% | 5.7% |
| Media | 10.9% | 10.9% | 10.7% | 10.9% | 10.3% | 11,0% |
| Telecom | 11.9% | 11.1% | 12.1% | 12.5% | 13.8% | 14.4% |
| Pharmaceutical | 13,0% | 13.6% | 13.9% | 14.5% | 15.2% | 15.6% |
| Technology | 5.2% | 5.6% | 6.2% | 5.6% | 6.1% | 6.6% |
| Steel | 6.5% | 4.2% | 3.5% | 4.8% | 1.4% | 2.6% |
This ratio measures operating efficiency, including price strategy, wage policy, control on overhead costs... Like all such measures, this one varies widely by industry : it should always be analysed within the particular context of a given business.
Another ratio measuring operating efficiency is EBITDA / Net sales, which excludes the impact of Depreciation and Amortization.
Another ratio measuring operating efficiency is EBITDA / Net sales, which excludes the impact of Depreciation and Amortization.
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